English | What is the passagemainly about?

July 31, 2023 / 05:01 PM IST

Read the passage and answer the questions given below.
Early written symbols were based on picto graphs (pictures which resemble what they signify) and ideograms (symbols which represent ideas). Ancient Sumerian, Egyptian, and Chinese civilizations began to adapt such symbols to represent concepts, developing them into logographic writing systems. Pictographs are still in use as the main medium of written communication in some non-literate cultures in Africa, the Americas, and Oceania. Pictographs are often used as simple, pictorial, representational symbols by most contem porary cultures. Pictographs can be considered an art form, or can be considered a written language and are designated as such in pre-Columbian art, Native American art, Ancient Mesopotamia and Painting in the Americas before Colonization. One example of many is the Rock art of the Chumash people, part of the Native American history of California. An early modern example of the extensive use of pictographs may be seen in the map in the London Suburban timetables of the London and North Eastern Railway, 1936- 1947, designed by George Dow, in which a variety of pictographs was used to indicate facilities available near each Station. Pictographs remain in common use today, serving as pictorial, representational signs, instructions, or statistical diagrams. Because of their graphical nature and fairly realistic style, they are widely used to indicate public toilets, or places such as airports and train stations. Because they are a concise way to communicate a concept to people who speak many different languages, pictograms have also been used extensively at the Olympics since
1964 Summer Olympics, and are redesigned for each set of games. Pictographs can often transcend languages in that they can communicate to speakers of a number of tongues and language number of tongues and
language families equally effectively, even if the languages and cultures are completely different. This is why road signs and similar pictographic material are often applied as global standards expected to be understood by nearly all. A standard set of pictographs was defined in the international standard ISO 7001: Public information Symbols. Other common sets of pictographs are the laundry symbols used on clothing tags and the chemical hazard symbols as standardised by the GHS system. Pictograms have been popularised in use on the web and in software, better known as ‘icons’ displayed on a computer screen in order to help users navigate a computer system or mobile device.

141.Which of the following is an early example of use of pictographs in modern times?
1. London railway timetable
2. Icons on a computer screen
3. Logographic writing system
4. Chemical hazard symbols
142. What is the passage mainly about?
1. Use of pictographs in ancient and modern times
2. Pictographs as an art form
3. Limitations of pictographs
4. The origin of pictographs
143. Pictographs are used in Olympic games because:
1. they can transcend languages and convey information effectively
2. they can be redesigned for each set of games
3. they are the main medium of written communication
4. they can help to navigate computer systems
144. Which of the following statements is NOT true?
1. Rock art of Chumash people is part of Mesopotamian history.
2. Ideograms are symbols which represent ideas.
3. Pictographs are widely used to depict road signs.
4.George Dow used pictographs to represent facilities near beach train station.
145. Early civilisations used symbols to represent:
1. culture 2. art
3. concepts 4. facilities
Read the passage and answer the questions given below
Vasco Da Gama was the first European to find an ocean trading route to India. He accomplished what many explorers before him could not do. His discovery of this sea route helped the Portuguese establish a long-lasting colonial empire in Asia and Africa. The new ocean route around Africa allowed Portuguese sailors to avoid the Arab trading hold in the Mediterranean and Middle East. Vasco da Gama opened a new world of riches by opening up an Indian Ocean route His voyage and explorations helped change the world for Europeans. Vasco da Gama’s maritime career was during the period when Portugal was searching for a trade route around Africa to India The Ottoman Empire controlled almost all European trade routes to Asia. This meant they could, and did, charge high prices for ships passing through ports. When Manuel I became King of Portugal in 1495, he continued efforts to open a trade route to India by going around Africa. Although other people were considered for the job, Manuel I finally chose 37-year-old Vasco da Gama for this task. On 8 July 1497, Vasco da Gama sailed from Lisbon with a fleet of four ships and a crew of 170 men.Da Gama commanded the Sao Gabriel.Paulo da Gama — brother to Vasco — commanded the Sao Rafael, a three mast ship. They sailed past the Canary Islands,and reached the Cape Verde islands and then continued sailing, though storms still delayed them for a while. They rounded the cape of Good Hope on 22 November and anchored at Mossel Bay, South Africa.They began sailing again and continued until they reached the Rio dos Bons Sinais (River of Good Omens). Here they erected a statue in the name of Portugal. They stayed here for a month because much of the crew were sick from scurvy — a disease caused by lack of Vitamin C. Da Gama’s fleet eventually began sailing again. Finally, on 20 May 1498 they reached India. They headed for Kappad, near the large city of Calicut. In Calicut, da Gama met with the king. But the king of Calicut was not impressed with da Gama, and the gifts he brought as offering. They spent several months trading in India, and studying their customs. They left India at the end of August.
146. In which month did Vasco da Gama’s ship reach the Cape of Good Hope? 1.
1. November 2. August
3. July 4. May
147. From where did Vasco da Gama embark upon his journey?
1. Mossel Bay
2. Cape of Good Hope
3. Canary Islands 4. Lisbon
148. Who controlled the European trade routes to Asia before 1497?
1. Paulo da Gama
2. King of Calicut
3. Manuel I 4. Ottoman Empire
149. Why did Vasco da Gama’s crew stay at Rio dos Bons Sinais for a month?
1. It was an auspicious place.
2. Several crew members were suffering from scurvy.
3. To erect a statue in the name of Portugal
4. There were severe storms in the area.
150. Which of the following statements is NOT true?
1. Sao Rafael was a ship with three masts.
2. Vasco da Gama impressed the King of Calicut with his gifts.
3. Scurvy is caused by deficiency of vitamin C.
4.Vasco da Gama was the commander of the ship, Sao Gabriel 10:43